So as we have seen, diabetes prevalence has increased, now affecting about 8.3% of the population, and though it is the 7^th leading cause of death, that number is likely under-reported. Diabetes was associated with approximately $327 billion in costs for diagnosed individuals with diabetes in 2017(6). Both prevalence rates and costs continue to increase.

The primary treatment goal is blood glucose control. There is evidence that controlling blood glucose can pay off in terms of improved outcomes.

Treatment strategies include dietary modification and physical activity, which would be appropriate for both people with or without diabetes. Medications may be required to augment diet and exercise therapy. In addition, treatment strategies will include the prevention and treatment of secondary complications, such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Monitoring is geared to both the management of blood glucose and prevention and treatment of the complications of diabetes.

Both care giver and patient education is key in effectively and cost-effectively managing diabetes.