Tube feeding can be a life-saving,
life-sustaining therapy. It can be used as a supplement for
children or adults who cannot consume enough regular foods to
survive well. Good nutrition and hydration can be provided
through tube feeding during recovery phases, pre-procedure
restoration of nutrition and hydration status, to specifically
address nutrient needs during diseases or other conditions, or
while overcoming other barriers to adequate consumption,
absorption, and/or the utilization of nutrients from foods.
Let’s start with definitions
of some of the terms we will be using, including enteral
nutrition, tube feeding, medical foods, and transitional
feeding. According to the American Society for Parenteral and
Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN), enteral nutrition is the consumption
(or enteral administration) of nutrients through a tube,
catheter, or stoma. This is sometimes called “tube feeding”,
which may be more specific to feeding through a tube that is
inserted into the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, or jejunum.
Other terms may include enteral tube feeding, nasogastric
feeding (a tube placed in the nose that is inserted into the
stomach), gastrostomy or jejunostomy (a tube placed through a
stoma into the stomach or jejunum), or other terms that can more
specifically describe the placement of the tube and method of
feeding.[1]
Medical foods are those formulas that are designed to assist in
the management of specific diseases or conditions that are
administered orally or enterally (beyond the mouth).
Definitions and
terminology
Enteral nutrition (EN)/tube feeding (TF):
Nutrition
provided to the GI tract via a tube, catheter, or stoma beyond
the mouth.
Medical food:
A formulation consumed or administered enterally under the
supervision of a physician, intended for dietary management of
disease or condition. (Orphan Drug Act, section 5(b))
Transitional feeding:
Progression of feeding methods with continuous levels of
nutrients.
There are a number of ways to describe feeding methods,
including nocturnal feeding – which is feeding during sleeping
hours. In the case of transitional feeding, tube feeding may be
used to transition from parenteral feeds (which are nutrients
directly infused into the bloodstream) or as supplemental
feeding support while transitioning to oral intake of foods.
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