Instructions
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Risk Factors for GDM Obesity, especially central obesity
Weight gain between pregnancies
Underweight
Age over 35 years
Native Americans, Hispanic, African Americans, South or East
Asian, Pacific Islanders, indigenous Australian ancestry There are several risk factors for gestational diabetes. Obesity and excessive weight gain are the primary concerns. However, the age of the mother and, interestingly, being underweight can play a part, as can certain ethnic backgrounds. Studies have shown that the risk of gestational diabetes decreases by about 26% for each 10 grams of fiber consumed daily. About half the women who develop gestational diabetes have no identifiable risk for the disease. Family history of GDM Delivery of newborn >10 lbs. Chronic hypertension Mother was SGA at birth History of GDM in previous pregnancy Diabetes in pregnant women’s mother during pregnancy Fiber intake, high glycemic load diets
Screening for
GDM
Screening for gestational diabetes is the key to managing the disease. Risk factors to look for include obesity, familial diabetes or certain historical events. It's recommended that blood glucose be checked at the initial visit and again at 24-28 weeks.
High Risk for GDM is indicated by:
Marked obesity
Diabetes in 1st degree relative
History of glucose intolerance
Prior macrosomic infant
Current glucosuria
It is recommended that screening occur:
Measure blood glucose at initial visit
Repeat at 24-28 weeks if not diagnosed with GDM at that time
All pregnant women should be assessed for their risk of gestational diabetes mellitus at the first prenatal visit. Depending on their level of risk, the timing of the screening for gestational diabetes and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) test will differ. Most women are screened between 24 - 28 weeks of gestation. Research indicates there are similarities between gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, and both are associated with increased risks for poor maternal/neonatal outcomes if left untreated. Average risk Fits neither low-nor-high risk Recommended screening Blood glucose screening between 24-48 weeks gestation Low risk < 25 years old Low-risk ethnicity No diabetes in 1st degree relatives Normal pre-pregnancy weight & pregnancy weight gain No history of abnormal glucose levels No prior poor OB outcomes Blood glucose screening not required
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