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Blood Glucose Monitoring

Type 1 diabetes
Fasting
Pre-meals, pre-snacks, bedtime
One hour post-meals (rotating
Prior to sports/exercise
Hourly during prolonged sports/exercise
Every 2-3 hours during illness

Close monitoring of blood glucose can help patients to better modulate their diet, exercise, and medications and is important for the prevention of complications.(7,8,17,18,19) Glucose meters are used to measure blood glucose levels through a small drop of blood. There are different monitoring recommendations according to type and treatment. Here is a recommendation for monitoring type 1 diabetes:

Routine monitoring includes testing blood sugars and matching insulin needs to meals and snacks. Glucose levels should also be monitored closely before and during sports or exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. During illness, blood sugars tend to rise and may be harder to control. In patients with type 1 diabetes, close monitoring of blood sugars will be crucial.

 

Type 2 diabetes: insulin-using (basal and bolus)

Fasting

Pre-meals, pre-snacks, bedtime

Prior to sports/exercise or driving

One hour post-meals (each meal once/week)

 

Type 2 diabetes: insulin-using (basal only)

Twice daily, prior to meals

Rotating test times for fasting and pre-meal

Post-meal once weekly for each mealtime

 

Patients with type 2 diabetes who use insulin will also need to monitor blood glucose closely to match insulin dose and timing with meals. For patients using both long and short-acting insulin, the schedule will include more testing around mealtimes. For those using long-acting insulin only, there may be intermittent testing to assure blood glucose control at fasting and prior to meals. Testing on a rotating basis will help to identify any need for changes in meal or insulin routines.

 
Type 2 diabetes: non-insulin-using
Once daily
Rotate test times
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (GCM)
 

 

For non-insulin using type 2 diabetes, the patient may not need to monitor blood sugars quite as closely once their routine for diet, exercise, and medications are set up and comfortable. Glucose monitoring can be rotated and conducted when there is a change in diet and exercise routine.

 

Continuous glucose monitoring or GCM systems work using a sensor under the skin to test glucose levels. These devices are approved by the FDA and are available by prescription. Users still need to confirm glucose levels with a glucose meter before making changes in their treatments.

 
Rick Fields-Gardner

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